How to Stop Bacterial Vaginosis From Recurring Again
Medically reviewed by Monique Rainford, MD
You can help prevent bacterial vaginosis (BV) and its recurrence by practicing good vaginal hygiene, wearing breathable underwear, taking probiotics, managing stress, and other strategies.
BV is a common type of vaginal infection that develops when the mix of normally occurring bacteria in the vagina (the vaginal flora) becomes imbalanced, and one type overgrows. Research suggests about 80% of people with BV experience a recurrence of the infection within three months of treatment.
Still, it can help to take steps to lower your risk of a recurrence. This article will discuss potential causes, symptoms, and ways to prevent bacterial vaginosis infections.
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What Is Bacterial Vaginosis?
Bacterial vaginosis occurs when the healthy balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina is disrupted. This leads to one type of bacteria growing out of control.
“Good” species of Lactobacillus bacteria help keep “unhealthy” bacteria in check by creating an acidic environment in the vagina. They typically make up over 70% of the bacteria in your vaginal flora before menopause.
Sometimes, the growth of helpful bacteria is interrupted, and other types may overgrow. Common bacteria that may cause BV include Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium, Ureaplasma, and Mycoplasma species.
Causes
Often, the exact cause of BV is unclear. Still, there are some known risk factors for developing BV, including:
Hormonal changes, like pregnancy
Unprotected sex, sex with a new partner, and multiple sex partners
Douching and using scented soaps
Recent antibiotic use
Cigarette smoking
Having an intrauterine device (IUD)
Related: Causes and Risk Factors of Bacterial Vaginosis
What Are the Symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis?
Some people with bacterial vaginosis won’t experience any symptoms. About 50% of people with bacterial vaginosis do experience symptoms, which may include:
Vaginal odor, usually like fish
Itching sensation around and inside the vagina
Burning sensation while urinating and during sexual intercourse
White or gray-colored vaginal discharge
Related: Bacterial Vaginosis: Symptoms and Complications
How Is Bacterial Vaginosis Prevented?
You may not be able to completely prevent an infection from happening. Still, there are a few ways to lower your risk of BV.
Practice Vaginal Hygiene
Practicing good vaginal hygiene can help lower your risk of infection. You don’t need to do a lot to keep your vaginal area clean. Typically, all that’s needed is warm water and possibly a mild, unscented soap in the genital area. Soap should not be used in the vagina.
Here are a few other recommendations for good vaginal hygiene:
Avoid douching.
Avoid washing with harsh or scented vaginal soaps or wipes.
Change tampons, liners, and pads frequently.
Wipe from front to back after using the bathroom.
Consume Probiotics
The good strains of bacteria, like Lactobacillus, are essential for maintaining a healthy vaginal flora and preventing infections. Multiple research studies have shown probiotics (strains of "friendly" bacteria normally found in the body) help reduce the risk of recurring BV.
Probiotic supplements can be taken orally, or you could try a vaginal probiotic suppository. Both oral and vaginal probiotics appear to reduce the risk of bacterial vaginosis.
Eating a healthy diet containing some probiotic foods also supports a good balance of bacteria. Foods that are fermented contain probiotics, such as:
Yogurt
Kefir
Sauerkraut
Tempeh
Kimchi
Miso
Kombucha
Pickles
Wear Breathable Underwear and Loose Clothing
The material your underwear is made from may impact your vaginal health.
Tight-fitting clothing and non-breathable materials around the vagina may increase temperature, moisture, and pH. This can change the environment of the vagina, make it easier for bacteria to overgrow, and cause an infection.
Try to wear loose-fitting silk or cotton underwear. And try to limit the amount of time you wear tight-fitting clothing.
Consider Boric Acid Suppositories
Boric acid suppositories may support a healthy pH balance in the vagina. Some research shows using these suppositories may help treat and prevent recurrent BV and yeast infections.
Boric acid suppositories are available over the counter. Be sure to read the label and follow the instructions. Don’t use the product more than recommended. Avoid using it if you have an open sore around the vagina. Be sure to discuss using boric acid suppositories with your healthcare provider before you start.
Never ingest boric acid. It can be toxic if taken by mouth.
If you notice any burning, irritation, redness, rash, or unusual discharge after starting a boric acid suppository, stop using it immediately and contact your healthcare provider.
Use Condoms
Using condoms during sexual intercourse can prevent more than just unwanted pregnancy. It also helps protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and disruptions in vaginal flora.
A 2013 study found that the consistent use of condoms was associated with higher levels of Lactobacillus. This suggests using condoms protects the balance of helpful bacteria and may lower the risk of bacterial vaginosis.
Related: How to Use a Condom Correctly
Stress Management
While you can’t completely eliminate stress from your life, finding ways to manage your stress may help prevent recurring BV.
There may be a link between the stress hormone cortisol and vaginal health. Cortisol is associated with increased glycogen (sugar) in vaginal tissue, which may increase the risk for bacterial overgrowth.
A few ways to manage stress may include:
Meditation
Exercise
Yoga
Making time for hobbies
Taking time off
Eating well
Related: 7 Stress Management Ideas You’ll Feel Confident About
Maintain a Healthy pH Balance in the Vagina
The pH of the vagina is naturally acidic, but if it's thrown off and becomes too high (less acidic) it can lead to an increase in unhealthy bacteria, discomfort, and bacterial vaginosis. Each of the tips above are natural remedies that can help restore pH balance in the vagina. Other things that can help with pH balance include staying hydrated and reducing sugar intake.
Other Home Remedies
You may hear about other home remedies like tea tree oil, hydrogen peroxide, and apple cider vinegar washes. However, there isn’t enough scientific evidence to prove these options work. And they could be harmful to vaginal tissue or make infections worse.
Be careful when considering using home remedies for BV, since some may not be safe. If you suspect you have BV, it’s best to talk with your healthcare provider for treatment.
When to See a Healthcare Provider
Contact your healthcare provider if you’re experiencing the symptoms of BV, such as:
Unusual vaginal discharge
Odor
Burning sensation
Itching
Pain
Your healthcare provider will be able to assess your symptoms and give you the right treatment to help your symptoms as soon as possible.
Related: How Bacterial Vaginosis Is Treated
Summary
Bacterial vaginosis is a vaginal infection caused by bacterial overgrowth. Many people experience recurrent infections, and it's important to find ways to prevent infections from returning.
While not all infections can be prevented, there are ways you may be able to lower your risk. Practices like wearing breathable underwear, using condoms during sex, consuming probiotics, and managing stress may help prevent recurring BV.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for BV to go away on its own?
In some cases, bacterial vaginosis may go away on its own within a few days. However, it often requires treatment to clear the infection, and untreated BV can lead to health complications. Speak to your healthcare provider for treatment if you think you have an infection.
Can stress cause BV?
The stress hormones released in response to high stress levels could increase the risk of BV. Cortisol is associated with changes in vaginal tissue that could lead to BV infections.
What does BV discharge look like?
During a BV infection, vaginal discharge usually becomes thin, white, or dull gray.
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