Can a Sinus Infection Go Away on Its Own?
When Antibiotics May Not Be Necessary
Medically reviewed by Jane Kim, MD
Sinus infections, also known as sinusitis, is the inflammation of the sinuses and nasal passages. Most sinus infections are caused by viruses, but a small number are caused by bacteria. Only bacterial sinus infections benefit from antibiotic treatment, but there are other symptom-relieving treatments for viral sinus infections.
This article will cover steps to take when a sinus infection doesn't get better and what to do if it gets worse.
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When Can a Sinus Infection Go Away on Its Own?
Sinus infections are typically caused by the same viruses that cause the common cold, and are also linked to allergies, secondhand smoke, or structural abnormalities of the nose.
The vast majority of sinus infections are caused by viruses, and only 0.5% to 2% are caused by bacteria. When someone does have a bacterial sinus infection, it is likely that they initially had a viral sinus infection that then developed a bacterial infection.
There is no cure for a viral sinus infection. Antibiotics are reserved for treating bacterial infections and as long as there are no complications from the infection, treatment is aimed at relieving the symptoms.
For many people, it's suitable to allow bacterial sinus infections to run their course. In fact, 75% of bacterial sinus infections will clear up without antibiotic treatment. However, it is recommended to treat the symptoms that come along with a sinus infection.
Healing Timeline: Signs of Improving Sinus Infection
A sinus infection causes a series of symptoms that make those with the condition feel very uncomfortable. The symptoms can include:
Stuffy or runny nose
Headache
Facial pressure or pain
Cough
Sore throat
The best way to tell that a sinus infection is getting better is when the above symptoms start to go away after seven to 10 days from the onset. Signs of improvement include a less runny nose and a less irritated throat.
It's important to take note if symptoms improve but then get worse. This often is a sign of a bacterial sinus infection.
What Helps Clear a Sinus Infection Faster
One of the best ways to help clear a sinus infection is to treat the symptoms to alleviate congestion and discomfort. Here are steps to relieve symptoms:
Pain medication: Tylenol (acetaminophen) or Advil (ibuprofen) are two over-the-counter (OTC) medications that can relieve the pain associated with a sinus infection.
Nasal spray: A saline nasal spray used a few times per day can thin nasal mucus and make it easier to blow the nose.
Mucolytics: Oral medications like Mucinex (guaifenesin) are used to thin mucus.
Decongestants: Oral medicines or nasal spray decongestants can relieve congestion, especially when there is ear fullness or pain.
Steam: Inhaling warm, moist air can temporarily relieve congestion and help loosen mucus.
Chronic Sinus Symptoms
A chronic sinus infection lasts for more than 12 weeks. Managing symptoms for that long can have a negative effect on a person's daily life.
When someone has a chronic sinus infection, it sometimes is due to chronic inflammation or an incompletely resolved infection. This means that a different antibiotic or longer antibiotic treatment is needed. In some cases, there may need to be more testing to determine the exact route of treatment that is necessary.
When Doesn’t a Sinus Infection Go Away on Its Own?
While most sinus infections will go away on their own, a small percentage will not. These sinus infections are called chronic sinus infections.
A healthcare provider will need to treat a chronic sinus infection. They will assess the cause and determine the best route of treatment.
For some people, this may require surgery to widen the sinus opening or remove nasal polyps.
Signs of Worsening Sinus Infection
A sinus infection is a very common condition that typically resolves with minimal treatment. Sometimes, a sinus infection lingers and becomes worse. This can lead to serious complications that need medical attention. Below are signs of a worsening sinus infection that need immediate medical attention:
Confusion
Vision changes
High fever (greater than 102 degrees F)
Severe head or face pain
Swelling or redness around the eyes
How to Get Antibiotics for a Sinus Infection
When a sinus infection has lasted for more than 10 days then it may be time for antibiotics. Contact a healthcare provider to get a prescription. Some healthcare providers will want to see their patients in person, whereas others may be willing to prescribe medication over the phone.
The pharmacist to whom the prescription is sent should explain any potential side effects and screen for medication interactions.
COVID-19 Testing for Sinus Infections
COVID-19 is a viral respiratory infection that can cause a sinus infection. A healthcare provider may want to test someone for COVID-19 to determine the cause of the infection. This can help guide their treatment plan.
Summary
Sinus infections are painful and can interfere with daily life and activities. Most of the time, for a healthy individual, a sinus infection will go away on its own, but when it lasts for more than 10 days or worsens then a healthcare provider may need to prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection.
