How to overseed a lawn - a step-by-step guide to restoring your grass
Knowing how to overseed a lawn in fall will help you to quickly, easily and affordably help to restore it after enduring the hot summer months.
Temperature and weather conditions can be equally damaging to grass, as can the amount of foot traffic which treads across the lawn whilst playing soccer or dining outside. The process of overseeding a lawn is about seeding your lawn over the top of already existing grass, as opposed to fixing patchy grass. It'll help to promote more grass growth in order to fill in space that might otherwise be taken by weeds, moss and either unwelcome lawn growth. Grass is hardy stuff which will keep fighting to hold its spot in the soil, particuarly now with backup from more seeds to fill in the gaps.
Allowing the time to overseed a lawn will make for a more even finish to your lawn, with no patches and fewer weed issues, and a finish to hopefully be proud of after it's first mow with one of the best gas lawn mowers.
Quick steps to overseed a lawn
Find the right time of year
Mow your lawn
Improve your soil with aeration
Overseed the lawn space
Press the seed nice and gently
Fertilize the soil but after a rest period
Water, water and more water
You will need: aerator, lawn seed (such as this Scotts Turf Builder Grass Seed Fall Overseeding Mix on Amazon), a seeder for evenly spreading said seed, watering can or sprinkler and a roller or plank.
Step by step guide: How to overseed a lawn
1. Find the right time
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Timing is essential when overseeding a lawn. Doing it in winter, for example, will be a waste of time and money as it'll likely be too cold for the seeds to survive. Ideally you'll want the soil temperature to be at least 50°F. Keep in mind that soil warms up more slowly than air so our fall lawn care tip would be to wait until air temperatures are at least 55°F for a few weeks before you start.
Depending on where you are, make sure it's warm enough to get working. That usually means overseeding during the spring or the wet fall as these are good times. You can overseed in the summer too but it can be too hot then so anything over 77°F, don't even try.
2. Mow your lawn
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It's important to clear the space so that new seed can actually make it to the soil on your lawn, so mow it down to about an inch making sure to collect up all the grass cuttings and any leaves or detritus on the lawn space as you go. You may find it helpful to use a lawn mower with a grass-collecting bag - this Greenworks 40V 21" Brushless Cordless (Smart Pace / Self-Propelled) Lawn Mower on Amazon is also (almost) maintenance-free.
This clearance will not only help those seeds make it to the soil but will also clear space for the shoots coming up from this new grass, ensuring it has space to grow and drink up plenty of light.
3. Weed the lawn
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"You need to give the seed its best chance by firstly removing competition" says gardening expert Adam Woolcott. "This comes in the form of moss and weeds so use your preferred lawn treatment product, be it organic or not, and remember you can’t so seed for some time after using some lawn weed treatments. Once the weeds and moss have died remove any dead material with a lawn rake."
A good way to remove moss from the surface is to understand what is a dethatcher, which will ultimately remove a layer of thatch and moss from your lawn grasses so that water and fertilizer will reach the lawn’s root network, while discouraging unwanted thatch-loving weeds and fungi. This Greenworks 40V 15 inch Dethatcher/Scarifier from Amazon would be a suitable option.
4. Improve your soil
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Building a good base for the new seeds to grow in is a very important part of the process, or you could just be wasting seeds. A great way to do this is to make holes in the soil to give it fresh air and space for water and light too.
"This can be done by using a lawn rake or gently breaking up the surface with a border fork, just the first centimetre or so." says Adam.
Alternatively, an aerator like this Osaava Rolling Lawn Aerator from Amazon will allow you to push along the device as it rolls, moving spikes into and out of the soil. This will kill some current grass but making space for the new by killing some of the old is all part of life's process.
5. Feed the lawn
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If you haven't fed the lawn for several months, or since early spring, then it would be worth fertilizing the lawn now to strengthen the existing grass. This will also prevent any reactions occurring between the new grass shoots and the fertilizer.
Choose a fertilizer which is suitable for use in fall. Once applied and watered in, you will be able to start over seeding after four days. Use about 0.8oz per 10 square feet and separate that out into the amounts which you can distribute vertically and horizontally across the lawn. This Scotts Turf Builder WinterGuard Fall Lawn Food from Amazon would be suitable.
6.Overseed
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With all the above steps taken care of it's time to do the actual seeding part of this process. Make sure to calculate how much seed you need for the space you're working on; you'll want to sow about 0.6 ounces of seed per 10 square feet of lawn, roughly. Once you've got that seed weighed out, separate that into two sections. Use the first to lay horizontally across the lawn, then use the second half but make you pass vertically along the space.
While you can spread the seed by hand, it's difficult to get an even spread – ensuring an even lawn finish – so it is best to use a seed spreader like this Scotts Turf Builder EdgeGuard Mini Broadcast Spreader on Amazon where available.
7. Press the seed
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Seeds need to make it into the soil to germinate and the likelihood of this happening can be improved by pressing the seeds into the soil. One way to do this is to rake across the grass gently, being sure to clean the rake tines with a shake off of the sticky seeds as regularly as you go.
Using a seed roller like this Arnot Heavy Duty Seed Roller on Amazon is a really helpful way to press those seeds into the soil. It doesn't need to be very heavy, potentially crushing the grass, but a weighted roller is ideal. You can buy heavy metal ones or clever plastic versions that you fill with water to add – and control – the weight.
If you don't have any of these tools then you can lay wooden planks and walk over them to squash down – just try to be as gentle as you can.
8. Water
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You'll need lots of water in the soil with little and often being better than big amounts further apart. The idea is to keep soil at the ideal moisture level so the seeds have it available as and when they need.
To start with, you'll want to initially water your soil four times a day until the seeds germinate. Then this can drop down in regularity to daily, and space it out more as you see the new grass coming in. This is where a sprinkler, such as the Rain Bird 25PJLSP Hose-End Brass Impact Sprinkler on Amazon, and a timer would be ideal to make sure the soil gets consistent moisture without it taking up too much of your time.
Remember to (try) avoid walking on the new grass for at least 14 days after germination, and keep it free from smothering fall leaves. That said, it's important to get a cut of the grass in no longer than a month after the germination, in order to kick-in the plant into the routine of damage and repair.
FAQs
How do you prepare your lawn for overseeding?
There are a few key steps to prepare your lawn for overseeding including mowing the grass, aerating the soil and fertilizing. Make sure you cut the current grass to about an inch in length being sure to clean all cuttings and leaves – so the seeds can actually make it to the soil.
Then use a rake or aerator to spike the soil creating access to air, water and space for the new seeds. Fertilizing helps strengthen the soil to encourage the new seed, but this should be done four days before or four days after overseeding to avoid any unwanted reactions with the seeds.
When is the best time to overseed your lawn?
The short answer is don't do it in winter as that's too cold for the seeds. Outside of that you can potentially overseed in autumn, fall and even the cooler parts of the summer. The key is to have the soil temperature at over 50°F, which is slower to heat than air so it will have to have been at least 55°F for a few weeks before you can overseed.
In the summer it can be too hot and dry so be sure it's well under 77°F for a while before you attempt to overseed.
How much grass seed do I need to overseed an existing lawn?
The general rule is that if you overseed an existing lawn space then you will want to sow about 0.6 ounces of seed per 10 square feet of lawn, roughly. Importantly this needs to be done evenly in order to get the most even end result. Get this by using a seed spreader and spreading half the soil, moving across the lawn, and the other half moving up and down the space.
