What is ApoE 4?
Find out about one of the genetic variants of Alzheimer’s disease
Medically reviewed by Shaheen Lakhan, MD, PhD
ApoE 4 is one of several variants of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, which plays a role in how cholesterol is metabolized. Research suggests that those who have a single copy of the ApoE 4 gene are two to four times more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease than those who do not carry ApoE 4. People who have two copies of the gene—one from each parent, have an 8–15 higher risk than people without ApoE 4.
Is there a test for ApoE?
Yes, there is a blood test the can identify whether or not you carry ApoE genes. However, just because you have the gene doesn’t mean that you will or will not develop Alzheimer’s disease. Genetic testing will not predict who diseases will occur in because there are so many other factors—environment and lifestyle are just two—that influence the progression and development of health conditions.
Sure, there’s a test, but unless you’re taking part in a clinical trial and your healthcare provider is trying to diagnose early-onset of Alzheimer’s disease, it isn’t recommended. (Here are the 12 benefits of diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease early.) Testing is used in a research setting so study participants who may have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s can be identified. In this case, scientists can look at how the brain changes and how treatments work. Currently, there isn’t enough information to warrant ApoE testing for all, or necessarily those with a family history of the disease.
Get Involved in Alzheimer’s Research
There are numerous projects that are looking at how genetics affect disease progression, especially as it pertains to Alzheimer’s disease. For these studies to be successful and garner the information needed to fight this disease, volunteers are critical.
To learn more about Alzheimer’s genetics studies, contact National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer’s Disease (NCRAD) toll-free at 1-800-526-2839 or visit ncrad.iu.edu.
To learn more about Alzheimer’s clinical trials, visit the National Institute on Aging’s Alzheimer’s site.
What to do if you have the gene
Science is just starting to uncover how the ApoE 4 gene influences the development of Alzheimer’s disease. That means it is also unclear what might be done to stop this progression. But there are some insights. For instance, a 2016 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that moderate seafood consumption was associated with reduced Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology. There is also some evidence that links too much dietary copper and other metals to an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
Also, some research suggests that regular physical activity can help to protect the brain against dementia.
