Your breasts can communicate a lot about what's going on inside your body. Use these signs to learn what your breasts are telling you - and see your medical care provider if you suspect something is up.
(A quick note for hypochondriacs who are concerned about breast cancer: Generally speaking, symmetry is good and change that exceeds that of your normal cycle could be cause for concern.)
1. It could mean you're gaining weight. After puberty, your breasts grow when the rest of you gets bigger. Weight gain could happen for any number of reasons: You could be eating more, moving less, skimping on sleep, or super-stressed. While a couple pounds here and there are usually NBD, an excessive increase in body fat can up your risk of developing various cancers, according to The National Cancer Institute.
2. It could mean you're getting your period, you just started a new birth control, or you're pregnant. Hormonal changes can trigger a breast tissue growth spurt, explains Mary Jane Minkin, M.D., an ob-gyn and clinical professor at the Yale University School of Medicine. As long as both breasts are doing the same thing, it's probably no reason for concern.
3. It could mean you're losing weight. Because your breasts are made up of fatty tissues, breast bulk can be the first thing to go when your weight loss efforts start to work. If you're effortlessly shedding pounds and cup sizes, and you can't figure out why, see a health care pro to rule out the scary stuff, like an overactive thyroid or a chronic disease.
4. It could mean your cycle is starting. What goes up (your cup size) must come down - so if your breasts swell leading up to the first day of your period, they'll shrink once your period starts and your hormones relax.
5. It's probably NBD. No one's breasts are perfectly symmetrical - and different-shaped breasts are fine and normal, Dr. Minkin says.
6. Or, it could be a sign of breast cancer. When one breast changes shape significantly, it could signal an abnormality linked to breast cancer, says Dr. Minkin. Don't freak - just see your doctor right away for a formal exam.
7. You might be allergic to something - like the underwire in your bra, which may be made of nickel, which is a common irritant. Or it could be soap residue or an itchy sweater. Many women have a breast cancer phobia and freak at the slightest sign of irritation. "Just remember that hydrocortisone cream doesn't cure breast cancer," says Dr. Minkin. Treat your rash with a topical hydrocortisone cream. If it goes away within a few days, you're good to go. (Otherwise, you know what to do: See your doctor.)
8. It could mean you have inframammary intertrigo. It's a fancy way of saying the crease between the bottom of your breast and the skin beneath it is rubbing and causing inflammation - a common occurrence in the summer. An antibiotic or steroid cream, OTC cortisone, or Neosporin can reduce inflammation while the right-size bra can keep your breasts off your chest to separate the skin in the first place.
9. It might mean you need to wash your bra. Wearing and re-wearing the same bra or sports bra may seem like a good way to extend its life. But IRL, it can foster bacterial and fungal infections - especially if you tend to sweat beneath your breasts.
10. It could mean you've gained and lost weight. Any time your weight yo-yos, the breasts expand and contract, which can result in stretch marks on the breasts, says Barry Weintraub, M.D., a New York City-based cosmetic plastic surgeon and a national spokesperson for the American Society of Plastic Surgery. This is true particularly after pregnancy and in women who are born with skin that's not so stretchy.
11. It's probably NBD. "This is not related to breast cancer," Dr. Weintraub says. "Different women just have different pigmentation patterns."
12. It's probably NBD. Dr. Minkin chalks this up to normal variation.
13. It's probably NBD. The breast is designed for milk production, and those bumps are just the ends of milk ducts. They sometimes puff out a bit, so it's normal to have small, pimple-like bumps on your areolas.
14. You could have a benign cyst or cancerous tumor. Calmly call your health care provider to schedule a screening as soon as you can. She can tell you whether you're feeling normal breast tissue or have cause for concern.
15. It could mean you've been exposed to testosterone cream or gel. Some guys use the stuff to boost sex drive - but rubbing up against said guy can expose you to the hormone and its side effects, Dr. Minkin explains. This could include hair growth in random places.
16. You could have polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). If you find yourself suddenly sprouting chest hair, your testosterone levels might be elevated due to PCOS, a condition where your ovaries or adrenal glands produce excessive amounts of male hormones, resulting in cysts (fluid-filled sacs) on the ovaries, and other symptoms such as acne and irregular periods. Because PCOS can result in infertility if left untreated, see your doctor for a formal diagnosis if these symptoms sound familiar.
17. It might mean you left shampoo or soap residue on your breast. Just rinse off with water and apply hydrocortisone cream for some sweet relief.
18. Or you're allergic to your clothing. A new bra can contain dye or other compounds that elicit a reaction - and the same goes for a wooly sweater. Apply hydrocortisone cream and change clothes or bras to see if the itch goes away.
19. Or you're getting your period. Sometimes changes in your hormones (the ultimate scapegoat!) can trigger itchiness leading up to your period.
20. Or you could have Paget disease. It's also known as nipple carcinoma, a very rare form of breast cancer. Look for itchiness around the nipple and areola; flaky, crusty skin; a flattened nipple; and yellow or bloody discharge - and see your health care provider ASAP if any of these symptoms sound familiar.
21. It might mean you're getting your period. It's pretty common to experience changes in your breasts - from the texture to sensitivity - in the days leading up to your period. And it's normal to wonder whether these changes signal something more serious (like a cancerous tumor)
To find out whether your symptoms are related to your cycle or are cause for concern, Dr. Minkin recommends taking a tried-and-true combination of vitamins on days when you're uncomfortable: 200 milligrams of vitamin B6, 300 milligrams of vitamin E, and two 500-milligram capsules of evening primrose oil. Then wait one menstrual cycle. If the soreness and lumpiness doesn't go away, see your doctor, who can confirm whether you're feeling normal breast tissue or something off. (Most of the time, tumors don't cause pain. So breast pain can actually be a good sign - even if it only occurs in one breast as opposed to both.)
22. It might mean you're OD-ing on caffeine. Caffeine can sometimes aggravate breast soreness - so cutting back on coffee and sodas (in addition to taking the supplements listed above) can help bring your breasts back to baseline.
23. It could mean you're feeling stimulated. The breasts are designed for milk-making, so a little leakage that resembles milk just means they're just doing their thing. It can happen in response to physical stimulation - and you don't have to be pregnant or nursing to experience it, Dr. Minkin explains. If the odd drop bothers you, there are some medications that can help.
24. It might be because you're taking an antidepressant or antipsychotic. Some prescription meds elevate your levels of prolactin, the hormone that stimulates milk production. The vast majority of the time, this isn't dangerous - it's just a pesky side effect.
25. You could have a noncancerous tumor. Also known as a papilloma (an overgrowth of milk ducts), it warrants a visit to your health care provider for investigation - especially if you notice this symptom in only one breast, which isn't a great sign, Dr. Weintraub says.
26. It might mean you're aroused. Nipple firmness rarely has anything to do with breast tissue abnormality unless there's some sort of asymmetry, Dr. Weintraub says. It's just a contraction of the small muscles around the nipple and is associated with stimulation before or after sex.
27. It might mean you're cold. When sex is the last thing on your mind and your headlights are on, the simplest explanation is that the heat is off.
28. There could be breast cancer behind your nipple. Any kind of dimpling in the nipple or breast can indicate a cancer is growing back there. So if your first impulse is to see a doctor ASAP, you're right on the money.
29. You don't really have dense breasts. Most women who think they have this condition are sorely mistaken: The lumpy tenderness you feel during certain weeks of your cycle is very different from having "dense breasts," a clinical diagnosis that can only be detected through a mammogram.
30. You might have a greater risk of undetected breast cancer. But this is pretty controversial: Some doctors say it's more difficult to detect tumors through dense breast tissue - it's why many prescribe ultrasounds to double-check. The problem is that it's all too easy to get a false positive cancer diagnosis via ultrasound - which can trigger unhealthy amounts of anxiety all for naught.
31. You may be more susceptible to skin cancer. Pale, translucent breasts are a predictor of fair skin, which makes you especially susceptible to sunburn. But as long as you don't worship the sun and apply sunscreen liberally to exposed skin, you shouldn't have any major problems.
32. You could have breast cancer. If your formerly smooth breast starts to feel rough (like an orange peel), with a hardened areola and nipple, cancer could be present, and you should definitely get it checked out, Dr. Weintraub says.
33. You could have a benign cyst. If it feels round and smooth, and it wiggles, it's probably a benign, fluid-filled cyst. (Not a tumor.) Take the vitamin combo suggested in no. 21 and wait one cycle to see if it goes away. If it persists, your doctor can do an ultrasound to check out things.
34. It could be breast cancer. While the vast majority of breast pains and masses are a normal result of fluctuating hormones, "whenever you notice a breast mass, the question is always: Is this cancer or could it turn into cancer?" Dr. Minkin says. It's a question your health care provider is best suited to answer - so make an appointment to get checked out if you're concerned.
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