What is postpartum psychosis and when does it start? Your questions, answered
Whether you're expecting a baby or you've just had one, it's likely you'll have heard of the "baby blues" – described by the NHS as mild mood changes after having a baby. But, while the baby blues usually pass within a few days, for some parents this feeling can linger, with the NHS estimating that one in 500 mothers go on to develop postpartum psychosis, also known as puerperal psychosis or postnatal psychosis.
So, what is postpartum psychosis? What are the signs and symptoms of postpartum psychosis? And, more importantly, what help is available if you're experiencing it? To answer those questions, and to mark Maternal Mental Health Month (which is May, btw), we spoke to Dr Elena Touroni, a consultant psychologist and co-founder of The Chelsea Psychology Clinic.
What is postpartum psychosis?
"Postpartum psychosis is a serious mental health condition which can affect someone after having a baby," Dr Touroni tells us. "It usually manifests as delusions and hallucinations, someone might feel quite manic and then at other times feel very low. They may be very fearful, confused and suspicious and generally behave in a way that is out of character for them."
The NHS adds that "postpartum psychosis is very different from the 'baby blues'. It's a serious mental illness and should be treated as a medical emergency." It's also noted that those suffering may experience rapid mood changes, show signs of depression and have trouble sleeping.
What's the difference between postpartum psychosis and postnatal depression?
The symptoms of postpartum psychosis differ from postnatal depression in that on top of periods of severe depression, the person suffering may also feel excited or elated as well as confused or disorientated.
Similarly to postnatal depression however, the NHS explains that: "Some mothers have difficulty bonding with their baby after an episode of postpartum psychosis, or feel some sadness at missing out on time with their baby."
But, "with support from your partner, family, friends and your mental health team, or talking to others with lived experience, you can overcome these feelings."
When does postpartum psychosis start?
"Symptoms usually start suddenly within the first two weeks after giving birth – often within hours or days of giving birth," the NHS website advises. "More rarely, they can develop several weeks after the baby is born."
As for whether some new parents are more susceptible to developing postpartum psychosis in comparison to others, Dr Touroni says: "There are likely to be some vulnerability factors at play, such as a history of mental illness in the family or having suffered very traumatic childhood experiences."
How long does postpartum psychosis last?
"The most severe symptoms can last for between two and 12 weeks," the expert adds. "But for some people, it can take up to 12 months to completely recover."
Postpartum psychosis treatment
If you think you might be experiencing postpartum psychosis, Dr Touroni stresses that it is "extremely important" that you seek professional help as soon as possible either from your GP or the NHS community mental health team.
"As this is a psychotic disorder, you will most likely need to take medication," the expert points out. "Psychological therapy may be recommended further down the line, especially if particular childhood experiences have predisposed you to postpartum psychosis."
According to the NHS, there are a variety of different medications used to treat postpartum psychosis, including antipsychotics (to help with manic and psychotic symptoms, such as delusions or hallucinations), mood stabilisers and antidepressants.
As for other forms of treatment, the NHS notes that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be offered if all other options have failed, and attending peer-to-peer support groups to speak with other parents is strongly recommended.
This article is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
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