World powers, Iran make new attempt to clinch nuclear deal
By Justyna Pawlak and Fredrik Dahl GENEVA (Reuters) - World powers aim to clinch a preliminary deal to curb Iran's nuclear program in politically charged talks resuming in Geneva on Wednesday to end a long standoff and head off the risk of a wider Middle East war. The United States, Russia, China, France, Britain and Germany came tantalizingly close to winning concessions from Iran on the scope of its nuclear work in return for some sanctions relief at negotiations in the Swiss city on November 7-9. Top policymakers from the sextet have since said that an interim accord on confidence-building steps to start defusing a decade of suspicion and hostility between the West and Iran could finally be within reach. But diplomats caution that differences remain and could still prevent an agreement during the talks Tuesday through Thursday. "There is a good chance. There is a hope the Iranians realize it's a good deal and accept it," one diplomat said. The last meeting, which ended November 9, stumbled over Iran's insistence that its "right" to enrich uranium be recognized, and disagreement over its work on a heavy-water reactor near Arak, which could yield plutonium for atomic bombs once it becomes operational. Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif has since indicated a way around the first sticking point, saying Tehran has the right to refine uranium but is not insisting others recognize that right. A U.N. nuclear watchdog report last week showed Iran had stopped expanding its enrichment of uranium and had not added major new components at Arak since August, when moderate Hassan Rouhani replaced hardliner Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as president. Nuclear analyst Ali Vaez of the International Crisis Group think-tank said the "body language" showed that the sides were ready for a deal, pointing to Iran slowing its nuclear push and Washington refraining, so far, from imposing more sanctions. "(They) have demonstrated that they are looking to transform stumbling blocks into stepping stones," Vaez said. Zarif, Tehran's chief nuclear negotiator, said on the eve of the meeting there was "every possibility" of a successful conclusion provided there was good faith and the political will among all involved to resolve problems. U.S. President Barack Obama sounded a more cautious note on Tuesday, however, saying it was unclear whether the world powers and Iran will be able to reach an agreement soon. "We don't know if we'll be able to close a deal with Iran this week or next week," he told a Wall Street Journal forum. American lawmakers urged the Obama administration on Tuesday to take a tougher line in negotiations with Iran. The talks are expected to resume with a meeting between Zarif and European Union foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton, who coordinates contacts with Iran on behalf of the powers. Western governments suspect Iran has enriched uranium with the covert aim of developing the means to fuel nuclear weapons, a charge Tehran denies. Refined uranium can fuel nuclear power plants - Iran's stated goal - but also provide the core of a nuclear bomb, if enriched further. After years of deepening confrontation, a shift towards meaningful diplomacy between Iran and the world powers began after the June election of Rouhani on a platform to relieve the Islamic Republic's increasing international isolation and get sanctions strangling its oil-dependent economy lifted. ISRAEL WARNS OF IRANIAN "SMILE OFFENSIVE" Rouhani wants to move quickly: Western sanctions have slashed Iran's daily oil export revenue by 60 percent since 2011 and led to a devaluation of its rial currency. But diplomats say Iran has so far refused to meet all of the powers' demands. They include suspending enrichment of uranium to 20 percent fissile purity - a significant advance toward the threshold for bomb fuel - as well as limiting its enrichment capacity and mothballing the Arak reactor project. The Iranian assets that would be unfrozen as part of any deal this week would amount to less than $10 billion, U.S. national security adviser Susan Rice told CNN. If an agreement is struck in Geneva in the coming days, it is intended to be the first step on the road towards a broader settlement that would avert the threat a new Middle East war. In crafting a deal, Western governments are wary of critics across the Middle East, especially in Israel and Saudi Arabia, who view Iran as a deadly threat, and of hawks in the U.S. Congress who want stiffer sanctions and terms for Tehran. Obama warned Congress on Tuesday that Iran would make progress towards nuclear arms status if there were no deal to halt or roll back its program and urged lawmakers to hold off on tightening sanctions while talks continue. "The president underscored that in the absence of a first step, Iran will continue to make progress on its nuclear program by increasing its enrichment capacity, continuing to grow its stockpile of enriched uranium, installing advanced centrifuges, and making progress on the plutonium track," White House spokesman Jay Carney told reporters. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warned Washington, Israel's main ally, to avoid making a "historical mistake" when negotiators appeared close to a deal this month. Israel wants Iran to scrap its entire nuclear energy infrastructure. "Instead of yielding to their smile offensive, it is important that they yield to the pressure that can be wielded against them until they abandon their military nuclear program," Netanyahu said in Tel Aviv this week. Israel, widely assumed to be the only nuclear power in the Middle East, has warned it may bomb Iranian nuclear facilities if it deems diplomacy futile in reining in Tehran before it attains nuclear "breakout" capability Zarif, the Iranian foreign minister, said that Israel did not seem to be interested in a solution to the dispute and accused it of "lifting tension and spreading distrust". Western diplomats have kept much of the details of the proposed deal under wraps but said Iran would not win relief from the most painful sanctions on oil trade and banking that many believe finally forced into serious negotiations. Under an initial deal the OPEC producer is likely to regain access to precious metals markets and trade in petrochemicals, an important source of export income, and could see the release of some of its oil revenues frozen in oversees accounts. Oil markets bet on progress in Geneva this week, with Brent slipping below $108 a barrel on Tuesday. Robert Einhorn, the U.S. State Department's non- proliferation adviser until earlier this year, said the talks remained on track. "The main question mark now is what happens away from the negotiation table - in the halls of Congress, in the U.S.-Israeli relationship and in Tehran," he said. (Additional reporting by John Irish in Geneva, Dan Williams in Jerusalem, James Mackenzie in Rome, Mark Felsenthal, Roberta Rampton and Jeff Mason in Washington; Editing by Mark Heinrich and Doina Chiacu)
