What Flood Insurance Does and Does Not Cover
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The devastation from Hurricane Irma is far from over, but property owners in Florida—as well as those who faced Hurricane Harvey in Texas and Louisiana—are already facing the daunting task of rebuilding.
Beyond the human tragedy, the widespread flood damage caused by the storm serves as an important reminder to homeowners in the region—and around the country—about what is covered by insurance and what you need to know about protecting yourself.
As most property owners know, homeowners insurance doesn't cover flood damage. But even in Florida, Texas and Louisiana—where many people live in coastal areas—only about 20 percent have flood insurance, according to a study by the Washington Post.
Even then, the policies provided by the National Flood Insurance Program don't cover everything in your home.
Here's a rundown of what is—and isn't—covered, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which administers the National Flood Insurance Program.
What's Covered
Essential systems in the home. This includes electrical and plumbing systems, furnaces, water heaters, central air conditioners, heat pumps, and sump pumps. It also includes cisterns and the water in them, fuel tanks and the fuel in them, solar energy equipment, water tanks and pumps.
Appliances. Refrigerators, ranges, and built-in appliances like dishwashers, washing machines, and dryers are all usually covered. So too are portable window air conditioners and freezers and the food in them. Food inside refrigerators, however, is not covered.
Carpeting and window treatments. If you have permanently installed carpeting over an unfinished floor, or any other kinds of carpets over wooden floors, your policy should cover them. Your policy should also include window blinds and curtains.
Permanently installed paneling, wallboard, bookcases, and cabinets. If you have to replace your cabinets, your policy will pay only for the ones that were damaged. That means that if some cabinets were ruined but others were not affected you might have trouble getting cabinets that match the older ones.
What's Not Covered
Flood insurance does have eligibility requirements and numerous exclusions. For example, furniture or other personal property located in a basement, crawl space, or "walkout" basement isn't covered, including bookcases, window treatments, carpet, TVs, audio systems.
Federal flood insurance coverage is also capped at $250,000 per building and $100,000 for contents, though you can purchase policies with lower limits.
There are separate deductibles for your dwelling and contents coverages. Higher coverage limits are available for nonresidential structure and contents policies. Check here for more details from FEMA.
How to Buy Flood Insurance
Purchasers of flood insurance face a 30-day waiting period before the policy is activated. You can buy national flood insurance directly from the National Flood Insurance Program, as well as through dozens of private insurance companies throughout the country. Check with an agent who sells homeowners coverage for details.
People who live in low- and moderate-risk areas and buy federal flood insurance pay standard premiums set by FEMA. Those rates are the same regardless of where you buy your coverage.
To get an estimate of your annual premium and a link to area agents who sell federal flood insurance, visit the FEMA Flood Map Service Center, plug in your property address, and click on "Interactive Map." This will take you to the official flood insurance rate map for your area. To request an agent referral, contact the National Flood Insurance Program Referral Call Center at (888) 379-9531.
You also can use FloodTools.com, a commercial site, to see your property on a flood map and get detailed estimates of premiums.
If you're in a high-risk area, your premium is likely to be tailored to your property. According to FEMA there are many variables that go into the pricing, including the age and construction of the home, its proximity to water, the elevation of the house as well as the home's value.
Renters, too, can get flood insurance. That may be particularly worthwhile if you live in a first-floor or below-ground apartment. As a renter, you're only entitled to buy coverage for the contents of your apartment or house. You're entitled to the same maximum coverage limit on the same items as homeowners: $100,000 for your home's contents. Check FEMA's details here.
Private Flood Insurance
Increasingly, private insurers are offering flood coverage. The policies either supplement federal flood insurance by providing higher coverage limits, or replace it as the homeowner's primary flood policy. A few insurance carriers provide it as an optional rider on their homeowners coverage.
Depending on your situation, you may find private flood insurance has lower premiums than the federal version. Or, it may require fewer add-on costs. For example, in about 20 percent of cases, the government will require that a professional come to the home to draft an "elevation certificate" to determine the insurance rate. The homeowner pays that bill.
In addition, private coverage may cover your living expenses if you have to relocate while your home is being cleaned up after a flood. That's something federal flood insurance won't provide.
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