Ex-Pa. Prosecutors, Other Legal Observers Disagree on Implications of Mueller Report
Robert Mueller.
President Donald Trump and his supporters boasted Sunday of a "total and complete exoneration" by the special counsel investigating Russia's ties to his 2016 presidential campaign, but that wasn't entirely the case—at least when it comes to whether the president tried to obstruct the special counsel's investigation.
U.S. Attorney General William Barr, consulting with Rod Rosenstein, his deputy, determined there was insufficient evidence to show the president obstructed justice during special counsel Robert Mueller's 22-month-long probe. Mueller laid out the arguments for both sides—in a word, "punting," as many commentators called it. Mueller did not find evidence supporting a conspiracy between the Trump campaign and Russians to meddle in the election.
Some lawyers following the investigation said the lack of a decisive answer from Mueller on whether the president obstructed justice indicates the special counsel’s team perhaps was divided. Or that Mueller recognized the futility of such a conclusion either way, considering that Justice Department policy recommends against charging a sitting president.
"Our determination was made without regard to, and is not based on, the constitutional considerations that surround the indictment and criminal prosecution of a sitting president," Barr wrote.
Other observers posited that Mueller plainly and simply didn't believe he had the evidence to pursue collusion or obstruction of justice charges.
"Either you indict somebody or you don’t. I came to the conclusion that the prosecutor found there was no collusion” and necessarily, there was no obstruction, said Peter Vaira, formerly the U.S. attorney in Philadelphia under presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan.
He added that attempts to push the matter further—such as House Democrats' calls for additional investigations—are futile.
"The most important thing is: it’s over. If Trump didn’t get indicted, let us move on," Vaira said. "Bet your bottom dollar if this guy Mueller had the evidence he would have indicted."
However, Linda Dale Hoffa, a white-collar criminal defense attorney in Philadelphia and former criminal division chief in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania's U.S. Attorney's Office, said Trump is not necessarily out of the woods.
Pending its investigation and the testimony of Barr, "the House could draw up articles of impeachment and the House has the constitutional power. So it doesn’t conclude everything for the president," Hoffa said.
Additionally, Mueller's findings would not prohibit state prosecutors, who do not answer to the DOJ, from potentially filing charges for any peripheral crimes related to Trump's campaign.
"The state prosecutors continue to have prosecutorial authority, and what matters they’re investigating I don’t know," Hoffa said. "There could be business crimes that do not cover the purview of what Robert Mueller was investigating, which was Russian collusion."
Other lawyers and legal scholars took the airwaves Sunday and Monday and wrote online, about whether and how Barr's decision on Trump and obstruction was the right call. Meanwhile, U.S. House Democrats are preparing to push for the full Mueller report—to see what the special counsel himself had to say about the evidence for and against the president.
Here's a snapshot of some things legal scholars are saying about Barr's momentous conclusion about obstruction:
>> Ken Starr, former Whitewater independent counsel: "Mueller’s decision not to make a determination on possible obstruction of justice by President Trump suggests the likelihood of a division of opinion within the special counsel’s ranks. The result of that 'house divided' is that Mueller washed his hands of the issue." Starr also wrote: "Stormy weather lies ahead, as the battle over what the evidence of obstruction is and what it means." Fox News
Neal Katyal, partner with Hogan Lovells in Washington, D.C., Oct. 30, 2017. (Photo: Diego M. Radzinschi / ALM)
>> Neal Katyal, former acting solicitor general now at Hogan Lovells: "Such a conclusion would be momentous in any event. But to do so within 48 hours of receiving the report (which pointedly did not reach that conclusion) should be deeply concerning to every American. The special counsel regulations were written to provide the public with confidence that justice was done. It is impossible for the public to reach that determination without knowing two things. First, what did the Mueller report conclude, and what was the evidence on obstruction of justice? And second, how could Mr. Barr have reached his conclusion so quickly?" NYT
>> Shanlon Wu, former lawyer to Rick Gates: "On obstruction of justice, Barr's summary raises more questions than it answers since it includes the troubling quote from Mueller that 'while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him.' A statement of non-exoneration is enormously damning coming from the taciturn Mueller, and the president's actions that led to the concerns about obstruction, many of them public, again demonstrate deeply troubling conduct." CNN
>> Rudy Giuliani, lawyer to President Trump: "Now the question is if there were three investigations—no evidence of collusion—who made it up? It didn't just come out of thin air. I want to know who did it. Who paid for it? Who fueled it? Because the person that did it, and the group that did it, knows it's untrue because they invented it." Fox & Friends
>> Robert Bauer, former Obama White House counsel: "The attorney general’s involvement in the final decision on potential obstruction of justice is more questionable. After all, Mr. Barr’s views were well known to the White House on this topic: He did not bring an open mind to it." NYT
>> Alan Dershowitz, Harvard Law School: “Two cheers for Special Counsel Robert Mueller. He came to the right conclusion about Russia—there was no collusion between Trump, his campaign or associates with Russia to win the election. Mueller seems to have conducted a generally fair investigation. But he failed to come to a clear decision about obstruction of justice. That was his job and he should have done it.” Fox News
Jack Goldsmith, testifying in 2010. (Photo: Diego M. Radzinschi / ALM)
>> Jack Goldsmith, Harvard Law School: "A second difficult issue of law is that most, if not all, of Trump’s alleged acts of obstruction were intimately tied to his constitutional powers as Chief Executive and as the leader of U.S. foreign policy. Any prosecution for obstruction of justice would have had to contend with serious constitutional objections, based on Presidential power, and hard statutory questions, based on these constitutional issues. In light of these legal uncertainties, plus unspecified factual ones, Mueller made the reasonable call to leave the question of whether a President obstructed justice to the head of the Justice Department, the Attorney General." The New Yorker
>> Gene Rossi, Carlton Fields: "I am definitely questioning Attorney General Barr's decision to decide the obstruction issue. He should have recused himself. He should not have decided the obstruction issue. He should have been purer than Caesar's wife. June of last year he wrote a 20 page memo saying there was no obstruction." Bloomberg
>> Marty Lederman, Georgetown University Law Center: "There was no apparent justification for Barr to opine on whether Trump’s conduct met all the elements of an obstruction offense, other than to give Trump a political boost. Given that there’d never be an obstruction prosecution, Barr’s legal assessment doesn’t tell us anything of relevance—the facts are what they are, and Barr thus should have done what Mueller did, i.e., leave it to Congress and the public to assess their significance." Just Security
>> Jessica Levinson, a professor at Loyola Law School in Los Angeles: "You do not need to prove an underlying crime to prove obstruction of justice. Martha Stewart is quite aware of this fact.” The Washington Post
>> Elizabeth de la Vega, former federal prosecutor: "Mueller did not punt. Indictment was not possible because of DOJ policy, so any judgment on the obstruction issue would be up to Congress. He laid out the facts/arguments that bore on the question for Congress. Nothing in the regs allowed Barr to manipulate Mueller's findings. Twitter
P.J. D'Annunzio contributed to this report.
Read more:
READ: Here Are Mueller's 'Principal' Findings in Russia Investigation
The Mueller Probe Was a Gift to the White-Collar Bar
New FOIA Lawsuit Demands Release of Mueller Report
William Barr Fills Front Office With Trump White House Lawyers
READ: Bill Barr's 19-Page Memo Ripping Mueller Probe
