CT mayors wrestle with what data show is at root of gun violence: Chronic repeat offenders

Over a career spent comforting victims of violent crime, Andrew Woods, executive director of Hartford Communities that Care, said there is a complaint he has heard over and over.

“As an individual and an organization that has provided victim services for 25 years, we have heard far too often from mothers and dads and siblings in our community asking the big question: Why are they home so soon?” he said.

The “they” to whom Woods referred to are the violent, repeat felons responsible for a three-year spike in urban gun crime in Connecticut and who, in the view of Woods’ clients and urban police departments, exploit weaknesses in bail, sentencing and parole laws to stay on the streets and terrorize neighborhoods.

Last week at the state Capitol, Woods joined Connecticut’s big city mayors, who departed from the new decriminalization orthodoxy to push a package of proposed laws that would enhance bail and sentencing laws as they apply to repeat gun criminals. They backed up the legislative pitch with a startling statistical analysis of gun crimes that shows most gun criminals are chronic reoffenders who are committing second and third offenses while released on bail or probation.

The mayors, all Democrats, arrived with the statistics and an array of inner city supporters, including mothers with emotional stories about murdered children. But it was unclear what reception their proposals would get from the Democratic-controlled legislature, where recent gun proposals trend more toward limiting gun access than prosecution. There was some support for the proposals from Republicans.

The gun criminals are, according to the numbers, a relatively small, violent group with felony records. They commit a significant percentage of urban gun crimes while free on bond and awaiting trial on other crimes, or while on parole or probation after prior convictions and prison sentences, data shows.

The analysis is based on arrest records collected by the Hartford and Waterbury police departments and was prepared by the Chief State’s Attorney’s office. The data shows the number of arrests in Waterbury is slightly less than in Hartford, but the percentages track.

In Hartford, shooting suspects had long criminal records; half those arrested over the last three years had been arrested in the city for something else within the prior year and one half. On average, they had 10 prior arrests, three for felonies. Most are men (95%), 18- to 34-years-old (70%).

Hartford data drawn from 345 gun violence incidents between January 2019 and March 2021 shows that 85% of the suspects arrested for gun crimes had been convicted of gun crimes previously.

Last year, of the 44 people arrested in Hartford for murders or attempted murders with guns, 39% had charges pending from other crimes, but had been released from custody after posting bond. Fifteen percent were on probation. Five percent were on parole. Of those arrested last year, 39% had prior convictions for violent felonies or gun crimes.

The victims, according to the data, differ little from their shooters.

In Hartford over the last three years, between 58 and 74% of both shooting victims and suspects had prior involvement with the criminal justice system and most had extensive criminal histories: 65% had been in prison, 73% had prior felony convictions and served periods of probation, the data shows.

In the cases of most victims and shooters, only one or two of their 10 prior arrests prior arrests resulted in incarceration. More than half were dismissed or expunged some other way.

The bottom line, according to a summary by Chief State’s Attorney Patrick Griffin, is that someone with a prior gun conviction is 8,000 times more likely than someone without a criminal record to be arrested for a shooting and nearly 400 times more likely to be arrested for a shooting than other convicted felons.

The mayors, working through the Connecticut Conference of Municipalities, are asking the legislature to adopt a 10-point plan that would create a new category of crime — “Serious Firearms Offense” — and enact narrowly focused laws to make it easier for courts to restrict the pre-trial release of offenders and return them to prison if they reoffend after release.

“This sends a message that it is not acceptable to continue to be a violent offender and just come home and walk free to cause more harm and danger to the community,” said Loquavia Jones, who lost two sons to gun violence in New Haven, in 2020 and again in January.

“We have to send a message that if you are willing to continue to commit violent crimes you have to pay for that and that sometimes involves your freedom,” Jones said.

Jones’ group was one of several that joined the Democratic mayors of Hartford, Waterbury, Bridgeport and New Haven; big city police chiefs, state prosecutors and Gov. Ned Lamont at the state Capitol to promote the plan.

Under the proposals, prosecutors could ask courts to make repeat gun offenders post 30 percent of bail bonds rather than the tiny fraction they now post with a bondsman. The change would make it more difficult to obtain pre-trial release, while protecting the right to bail guaranteed in the state constitution. Another proposal would forfeit the bonds of repeat offenders who commit another gun crime from while on pretrial release.

The mayors also want the legislature to increase the mandatory minimum sentence for serious gun crimes by one day and require offenders to serve 85% of their prison sentences. The changes would expose offenders to special parole after prison — and a return to prison for violations.

“The group that is gathered here today is also here to say that we need to make sure there are more severe consequences for those who are repeat serious offenders, who are engaged in gun violence in our communities,” Hartford Mayor Luke Bronin said. “And to say that if you have a record of serious offenses and you commit a new, serious firearms offense, we need to make sure that there are swift and severe consequences. This is about saving lives. This is about making our communities safer and stronger.”

Among the group was Deborah Davis of Hartford, who spoke for Mothers United Against Violence.

“This proposal, these ideas specifically, are so important to us,” she said. “Because we want to make certain that individuals are not back on the street. We are supporting every proposal that would alleviate some of the concerns that we have with some individuals being able to come back out so quickly.”

Big city support is no guarantee that the proposed legislation will succeed — even after the more punitive aspects in the proposals were dialed back to appease lawmakers who believe cities are already over-policed and prosecuted.

State Rep. Steven Staftstrom, the Bridgeport Democrat who is House chairman of the legislature’s influential judiciary committee, would not handicap chances of the mayors’ proposals being enacted, but said he personally supports “reasonable tweaks” that “enhance public safety and cut down on gun violence in our cities.”

“Connecticut actually saw a precipitous drop in crime over the last decades as we have been smart on crime rather than just being tough on crime,” he said.

“States like Connecticut that have stronger gun control laws but are smart on criminal justice have vastly lower rates of gun violence than states that are just tough on crime and may have more lax gun laws,” Staftstrom said. “That’s why the committee’s focus has really been on access to firearms, particularly over the last several years.”

Vincent Candelora, the House Republican leader from North Branford, said his party’s criminal justice agenda aligns with that of the mayors — at least on the question of bail.

“We believe the bail system is being underutilized and it is allowing violent offenders to be released,” Candelora said. “We can continue to over regulate guns all we want. But we need to start regulating the people.”

When pitching their proposals, the mayors sought to convey a message that their solutions were less a law-and-order tactic than a “targeted, narrowly focused” element in a broader solution to the problem.

“We recognize that combatting gun violence requires a comprehensive approach,” Bronin said.

“That means we need to continue to provide sustainable sources of support to community-based violence intervention, make sure that we are providing sufficient treatment for mental and behavioral health and trauma recovery both inside our correctional facilities and outside,” he said. “We need to make sure that we are providing opportunities for those who come back who have made mistakes to rebuild and reenter in a successful way.”

Regardless of how it happens, Woods said his clients are tired of seeing gunmen on the street.

He said one of the most jarring accounts he has heard was from a mother who was convinced that her son, a “perpetrator” of gun violence, would not have been shot and killed had he not been released from prison.

“These are parents who know their sons may be at high risk of perpetrating and are screaming out at the top of their lungs to keep their son in prison until they turn onto that road where they do not get released in time to perpetrate against someone else,” Woods said.

“So I am glad to see these proposals today, because public safety is key,” he said.