The arguments for and against Bloomberg's stance on the origins of the 2008 financial crisis
Billionaire and former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg has come under fire after The Associated Press rediscovered a 2008 interview he gave at Georgetown University. During the discussion, Bloomberg blamed the 2008 financial crisis on congressional legislation that pressured banks "to make loans to everyone," while defending the practice known as redlining (denying services to entire neighborhoods). But not everyone thinks Bloomberg's opinion was off-base.
Writing for The New York Times, Christopher Caldwell backed up Bloomberg's claim, arguing Congress put borrowers in an unenviable position by forcing banks to lower their underwriting standards. Caldwell's criticism is bipartisan — he blames the Democrats for coming up with the legislation and Republicans for ignoring it because it didn't affect the federal budget. "That brought an astonishing deterioration in the quality of housing assets," Caldwell wrote. "By 2007, high-risk mortgages made up 22 percent of the (government-sponsered enterprises') portfolio, up tenfold from a decade before."
Caldwell doesn't believe any "well-informed accountant" would think those loans could have survived. "The politicization of poor people’s mortgages in a single country — the promise to make loans to everyone, as Mr. Bloomberg put it — brought the world to the brink of economic disaster," he wrote.
Not so fast, wrote Robert Kuttner in The Washington Post. Kuttner wrote the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977, which created an obligation not to redline and provide credit without regard to location. Kuttner believes everything Bloomberg said about 2008 was wrong because Congress made sure to include language in the legislation which made it clear banks were not under pressure to give out bad loans. The law, he said, was designed to make sure lenders did not ignore entire communities, not to water down underwriting standards.
Later on, another law was even more explicit in prohibiting unsavory lending, but Kuttner says it was never enforced. "The problem was not Congress imposing unsound mandates on bankers," he wrote. "It was bank regulators ignoring legislated requirements intended to protect consumers from banker practices." Read Caldwell at The New York Times and Kuttner at The Washington Post.
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