Appeals court calls North Carolina county's prayer unconstitutional
By Jonathan Stempel
(Reuters) - A divided federal appeals court said a North Carolina county violated the U.S. Constitution by letting elected officials open meetings with Christian prayer and asking audience members to participate.
Friday's 10-5 decision by the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Richmond, Virginia overturned a ruling by a three-judge panel of the same court that upheld the practice. The case is likely headed to the conservative-leaning U.S. Supreme Court.
Three residents had challenged the Rowan County Board of Commissioners' practice of opening meetings with prayers composed by members, and asking those in attendance to stand and pray together.
Ninety-seven percent of 143 prayers in a recent 5-1/2-year period were Christian.
Writing for Friday's majority, Circuit Judge J. Harvie Wilkinson said it was not "inherently unconstitutional" for lawmakers to deliver invocations, but Rowan County violated the First Amendment's Establishment Clause by focusing on a single, preferred faith.
"The prayer practice served to identify the government with Christianity and risked conveying to citizens of minority faiths a message of exclusion," wrote Wilkinson.
"Indeed, if elected representatives invite their constituents to participate in prayers invoking a single faith for meeting upon meeting, year after year, it is difficult to imagine constitutional limits to sectarian prayer practice."
Wilkinson distinguished prior Supreme Court decisions letting Nebraska's legislature and the upstate New York town of Greece open sessions with prayer led by clergy, rather than elected officials.
Circuit Judge Paul Niemeyer dissented, saying the majority effectively sought "to outlaw most prayer given in governmental assemblies, even though such prayer has always been an important part of the fabric of our democracy and civic life."
In a separate dissent, Circuit Judge G. Steven Agee said the majority's approach lets lawmakers "offer only a generic prayer to a generic god."
Rowan County is about 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Charlotte.
"Wilkinson's opinion should be the last word," Chris Brook, an American Civil Liberties Union lawyer representing the three residents, said in an interview. "No one should fear being discriminated against because they don't participate in prayer."
Greg Edds, the Rowan County board chairman, said in an email: "While the decision is certainly disappointing, it is not surprising. (We) will be reviewing it over the next several weeks with our legal team to decide where we go from here."
Wilkinson, considered a conservative, as well as Niemeyer and Agee are appointees of Republican presidents.
The appeals court last month ruled against President Donald Trump's revised travel ban. Moving it rightward is a priority for many conservatives.
The case is Lund et al v. Rowan County, North Carolina, 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, No. 15-1591.
(Reporting by Jonathan Stempel in New York; Editing by Tom Brown)
